A sign up section where Official Veterinarians (OVs) can register to continue providing bTB testing with aspiring Delivery Partner Xperior Farm Health under AHVLA's Veterinary Delivery Partnership programme has been added to Xperior's website (www.xperiorfarmhealth.co.uk/vets/).

Xperior Farm Health is the joint venture between Eville & Jones and Westpoint Veterinary Group that is one of the declared bidders for appointment by AHVLA as a Delivery Partner. Veterinary Director Phil Elkins said: "If appointed, we are fully committed to maintaining sub-contractor OV involvement."

As alternatives to website sign up, OVs can also do so by email (phil.elkins@xperiorfarmhealth.co.uk) or post using either a printed form that was mailed recently to more than 1,000 farm vets or by writing to Mr Elkins at Century House, Thorpe Park, Leeds LS15 8ZB.

To give experienced OVs an opportunity to influence the Delivery Partner bid, Xperior have also extended their online survey (https://www.surveymonkey.com/s/PQFSWZN) until the end of July.

Phil added: "If appointed, our commitment is to provide an exemplary standard of accurate and trustworthy on-farm animal health testing services, where possible using subcontracted practices. These will be farmer friendly, provide an ongoing source of work and revenue to subcontractor Official Veterinarians, and represent excellent value for money to the taxpayer."

Pets'n'Vets has launched Totally Grad!, a new veterinary graduate programme designed to helping new grads embark on a fulfilling veterinary career in independent practice.

The programme offers a structured and heavily supported first year in practice, including hands-on surgical training and seminars from Advanced Veterinary Practitioners, at the Pets'n'Vets' Roundhouse Veterinary Hospital in Glasgow.

Totally Grad! also includes a mentor plan and additional monthly benchmarking and seminars and support.

Oliver Jackson, partner at Pets'n'Vets said: "We are well aware that many larger veterinary entities run new graduate programmes and we are proud to say that Totally Grad! offers great advantages that come with our independent structure.

"Independent practice can offer a rewarding working environment for new graduates – particularly progressive practices such as ours. We  can offer new graduates not only the close-knit, friendly, helpful, stable, first-opinion experience, but also provide opportunities for career growth and development.

"We have the facility for graduates to explore their particular areas of interest. Indeed, in our practice it is possible for a new graduate to change our way of working – the decision-makers are available and listening. We now have many vets working with us who have come through the practice from our graduate system and who have gone on to help shape our practice.

"The success of our Laparoscopic and Cardiology clinics can be attributed to those vets, as can various other client service initiatives and ways of working. New blood brings new ideas and we welcome that."

Totally Grad! will also be open to fellow independent practices.

Oliver added: "By opening up our Totally Grad! programme, we are offering a simple, accessible facility to those fellow independent practices able and willing to provide a mentor and allow their graduate vets to be out of their practice for one or two days per month over a 12 month period. It fits perfectly with our Roundhouse Referrals offering which offers advice, CPD and support to local practices."

Any independent practices interested in participating in the programme can contact oliver.jackson@petsnvets.org while final year students interested in learning more about the programme can visit the website at www.totallygrad.co.uk and/or email Karen W at hello@totallygrad.co.uk

MSD Animal Health, the maker of Nobivac Respira Bb, has published the results of new research which showed that veterinary practices are not giving owners clear advice about the need for vaccination against canine infectious respiratory disease (CIRD)

The company hired Onswitch to call 700 veterinary practices and ask about kennel cough. 43% of callers were told it was up to them whether their dog had a vaccine for CIRD, with no clear recommendation in over 50% of calls.

MSD says that there was very little detailed information given about CIRD or kennel cough or vaccinations, with nothing at all mentioned in 18% of calls.

Whilst 18% of calls mentioned that dogs can contract kennel cough mixing with other dogs, 9% were told that their dog would only need the vaccination if it was going into kennels!

According to the company, vaccination for Bordetella bronchiseptica and canine parainfluenza virus has declined dramatically during lockdown, with over 350,000 less doses being bought in 2020 vs 2019 April - December¹, however the risks are still prevalent, because dogs are still mixing.

Michelle Townley, Veterinary Advisor for the Companion Animal team at MSD Animal Health said: "CIRD, more commonly known as kennel cough, is often mistakenly believed to be only a disease of kennels. The reality is that respiratory pathogens are most commonly transmitted between dogs that mix or share the same air space. This results in risk anywhere where dogs are being social, including parks, groomers and vet practices. Due to this confusion, we recommend referring to the disease with pet owners as contagious canine cough."

She added: "This data reveals a significant amount of confusion in the advice veterinary practices give to dog owners in relation to protection against CIRD,or contagious canine cough. Practice team members have often received no formal training on what to tell dog owners and how to discuss CIRD, so messages vary widely and are not always correct. This data reveals that there is a great opportunity for practices to proactively discuss contagious canine cough as a standard component of the annual vaccination programme and ensure more dogs that socialise with other dogs and are at risk get the protection they need."

For more information on the Nobivac vaccine range, vaccine protocols and product and team training, contact your MSD Account Manager or visit www.nobivacrespirabb.co.uk.

Reference

1. Kynetec VetTrak UK data Dec 2020

Ceva Animal Health has launched Assure Ewe, a subsidised testing scheme to assist practitioners identify the cause of enzootic abortion on-farm.

The company says industry estimates are that 12 million accessible breeding ewes (91%) are not vaccinated against enzootic abortion in the UK, and that this should concern all practitioners with sheep clients.

Any flock with an abortion rate of over 2% could, it says, be suffering from the disease, and at a cost of £85 per aborted ewe, those are losses producers can ill-afford to ignore.

Stephenie Clarke from Ceva said: "Abortion remains one of the most significant reasons for loss in sheep flocks and an abortion storm can lead to crippling results on farm.

"Enzootic abortion caused by C. abortus remains the main cause of ovine abortion in the UK¹ and once in a flock, takes time to control as exposed ewes can become latently infected."

Assure Ewe is a subsidised blood testing scheme open to all flocks with 50 or more breeding ewes. In contrast to other schemes, evidence of an abortion does not need to have taken place.

Blood samples should be collected from six ewes, with full farm and vet details also supplied. Upon results, Ceva says it will share information with the participating veterinary surgeon to discuss with the farmer.

Stephenie added: "Assure Ewe is a very user-friendly, simple scheme that will help facilitate conversations between vets and farmers while, at the same time, providing useful testing information to vets. Ceva encourages evidence based veterinary decisions, and this is just one example of such an initiative."

If C. abortus is identified in a flock, a veterinary-devised plan combining vaccination with Cevac Chlamydia, biosecurity and only purchasing stock from accredited flocks will assist disease control and eventual eradication.

For further information about the scheme, contact your Ceva territory manager.

Reference

1. Nadis Abortion in Ewes editorial information www.nadis.org.uk 

White Cross Vets in Sheffield is to star in The Pets Factor, a new television series being broadcast on CBBC later this year.

The show follows veterinary surgeons and nurses going about their day-to-day work, consulting and operating on a variety of cases from the routine to the extraordinary. 

The ten-episode series stars Cat Henstridge, who many will be familiar with for her social media posts as 'Cat the Vet', and her husband Dave Hough who is the Clinic Director at the practice.

Cat said: "I know from the reactions I get on my website and social media channels that there is a huge level of interest in what we do, and the TV programme will help to bring those real-life stories directly to a younger audience, as well as offering exclusive behind the scenes access to everything that happens in our busy veterinary practice."

Dave added: "We are thrilled to be showcasing the fantastic work of our dedicated and talented team. What we see every day is so varied, and we are driven by our love of pets and the ability to help heal them. It’s a real delight to think that our work will be seen on television, and hopefully inspire the next generation of vets, nurses and support staff to work in this really rewarding profession."

VetSurgeon.org, in association with Swann Morton, has launched a new system designed to help veterinary surgeons, students and other members of the profession forge useful contacts in their local area.

First you need to complete your VetSurgeon Profile, in particular the last four sections: "Qualified at", "Interests", "Interested in collaborating on" (aka goals) and "Memberships".

Then visit VetSurgeon Connect and click the button marked "Share My Location". This will activate the map beneath, allowing you to see local colleagues with common interests. It will also pin you on the map, but only in front of logged in members of the site with whom you have a common interest.

One area of common interest is the connection between general practitioners and referral practitioners. Referral practitioners who have shared their location are pinned on the map and can be seen by general practitioners (who can also filter them by discipline).

It is hoped that this will help create a more vibrant referral marketplace, as it offers referral practitioners who do not have big marketing budgets a way to connect with local general practitioners.

The system also matches VetSurgeon members by a number of other criteria. So for example, if you specify 'Qualified at' in your profile, it will display anyone else who went to the same vet school. If you display a leisure interest like cycling in your profile, it'll display other vets in your area who also like cycling.

If you display a clinical interest, such as oncology, it'll show you others in the area with the same interest.

The same thing happens with 'Interested in collaborating on', which connects you with others working towards the same goals, which can be business goals like practice ownership or a learning goals, such as CPD or being a mentor/mentee.

Lastly, if you specify your membership of a special interest veterinary association, the system will show you other members who are in your area.

VetSurgeon Editor Arlo Guthrie said: "It’s kind of a professional matchmaking service designed to make it easier than ever before for veterinary surgeons and others to hook up and collaborate on all sorts of different things.

"It may be you think you know everyone you need to know in your area already. But so often we think we know people, then find out we didn’t know about a shared passion for something, whether it be a professional or a leisure interest. Indeed, I think the system could be just as useful in connecting members to go on a bike ride together as it is to help them collaborate on CPD or on achieving additional qualifications."

Chris Taylor from Swann-Morton said: "We are really pleased to be part of this initiative which should help to bring the veterinary community closer together through shared experiences and knowledge."

Arlo added: "I’m very grateful for Swann Morton’s support. If you are too, you can show it by visiting the company's website and having a quick browse of the latest products in its veterinary range at www.swann-morton.com."

Defra has released new data showing that new outbreaks of bovine TB have fallen in the two areas that have now completed their licensed four-year badger culls.

In the Somerset cull area, TB incidence has fallen from 24% before culling started to 12% in year four of the cull, while in Gloucestershire it has fallen from 10.4% to 5.6%.

The Government says the findings are in line with expectation based on the scientific evidence from the Randomised Badger Culling Trial which underpins the approach to tackling bovine TB – and demonstrate progress is being made in delivering the 25-year TB eradication strategy in England to rid our farmers of the impacts of this terrible disease.

Defra has also announced additional measures being taken to help control the disease, including licences for badger control in 11 new areas and the opening of a new round of applications for the Badger Edge Vaccination Scheme grants.

Farming Minister George Eustace said: "Bovine TB remains one of the greatest animal health threats to the UK. There is no single measure that will provide an easy answer which is why we are committed to pursuing a wide range of interventions to protect the future of our dairy and beef industries and eradicate the disease within 20 years.

"No one wants to be culling badgers forever so the progress reported today is encouraging."

BVA President John Fishwick said: "We continue to support a comprehensive and evidence-based approach to tackling bovine TB, including the use of badger culling in a targeted, effective and humane manner. TB is a devastating disease and we welcome the positive results emerging in Somerset and Gloucestershire, where licensed culling has now been in place for four years. The recent results in Dorset, indicating a slight upward trend in the incidence of bovine TB, present some cause for concern and we would like to see further investigation of the cattle and wildlife situation in that area.

"BVA supports the principle of badger controls within the Low Risk Areas (LRAs) of England where there is a demonstrated need and where it is done safely, humanely and effectively as part of a comprehensive strategy. We are largely reassured by the greater clarity provided on the decision-making process on how and where badger controls will be introduced in the LRAs. We recognise the expertise and professional judgement of veterinary and scientific colleagues in government who have made the decision to extend the cull in this area, but we would welcome further evidence regarding the level of TB infection in the wildlife reserve in Cumbria as this becomes available.

"Halting the spread of bovine TB is essential and it is vital that we use every available tool in the toolbox to support the Government’s aim to make England TB free. We therefore welcome both the introduction of tighter cattle controls where needed and the re-commencement of the Badger Edge Vaccination Scheme, particularly if used as a ‘firebreak’ to mitigate the spread of the disease into the low risk areas. We would also like to see a commitment to funding of further research in this area."

Photo: Coatesy/Shutterstock

The Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) has concluded that there are competition problems within the veterinary services market and proposed a series of remedial actions. 

However, many of the causes of above-inflation increases in the cost of veterinary care go well beyond the remit of the CMA and it therefore has limited scope to propose or enforce changes that will likely have any significant impact on costs.

The CMA concluded that the main barriers to healthy competition are: owners not being given enough information, barriers to owners being able to make appropriate choices and an out-of-date regulatory environment. 

To correct these issues, the CMA has proposed that veterinary practices should be compelled to: 

• provide price lists for specific services
• provide itemised bills
• provide written estimates for treatments over £500
• tell owners they can get their medicines elsewhere
• cap the prescription fee
• provide info for the RCVS 'Find a Vet' page
• make it clear if the practice is part of a group
• have a complaints process that meets certain criteria
• confirm every year to the RCVS that it is doing these things

Given that treatment inflation, rather than a lack of competition, is likely the biggest contributory factor to rising veterinary costs, it seems unlikely that providing price lists, itemised bills or written estimates will do much more than increase the administrative burden on veterinary practices.

What's more, it is very hard to see how price lists and estimates can ever be truly representative in such a complex area as medicine.

So these proposed measures are no more than rearranging deckchairs on the Titanic. 

To switch metaphors, the problem is less that pet owners don't know what they're buying and more that the veterinary profession is trying to sell caviar to people who only want or can afford a Big Mac and large fries.

Real change can only be driven by the veterinary profession - not just veterinary surgeons, but the regulator, universities, manufacturers and others, after reflecting on the real, rather than assumed needs of its clients and patients, together with the ethical issues in play.

A good starting point for that reflection is the new book Veterinary Controversies and Ethical Dilemmas, available now: https://www.routledge.com/Veterinary-Controversies-and-Ethical-Dilemmas-Provocative-Reflections-/Clutton-Murphy-Stephens-Taylor/p/book/9781032579863 

https://www.gov.uk/guidance/understanding-the-cmas-provisional-decision-in-its-vets-market-investigation 

Jurox (UK) Ltd has launched AceSedate (acepromazine), for the premedication, sedation and tranquillisation of cats and dogs.

In case you need any reminding, acepromazine belongs to the phenothiazine family and acts as a dopamine receptor antagonist, providing calming effects^{1, 2}. It causes sedation and anxiolysis, which is initially dose dependent, plateauing at higher doses^{1, 3}. It is metabolised in the liver and has a long duration of action of approximately six hours in healthy patients¹.

For best results AceSedate should be combined with an opioid (neuroleptanalgesia) to improve the quality and reliability of sedation and provide analgesia^{1, 2, 3}.

Richard Beckwith, country manager of Jurox (UK) Ltd said: "AceSedate is a welcome addition to our analgesia and anaesthesia range providing our customers with a high-quality product at an economical price."

For further information, visit www.jurox.com/uk, contact your Jurox technical sales rep, ring the customer services team on 0800 500 3171 or e-mail: info@jurox.co.uk.

References

1. Murrell J (2016). Pre-anaesthetic medication and sedation.  BSAVA Manual of Canine & Feline Anaesthesia & Analgesia. 3^rd Edition.
2. Dugdale A (2010). Veterinary Anaesthesia: Principles to Practice.
3. Murrell J (2007).  Choice of premedicants in cats and dogs. In Practice 29, 100-106

A study published in the Journal of Small Animal Practice has concluded that the majority of suspected adverse drug reactions (SADR) in veterinary medicine go unreported.

The authors say that whilst it has long been suspected that adverse drug reactions are under-reported, this study is the first to show the scale of the problem, using real data from veterinary clinical records.

For the study, researchers looked for electronic heath records within the Small Animal Veterinary Surveillance Network (SAVSNET) which contained “adverse drug reactions” and “side effects” in the free-text clinical narratives.

The results were then analysed to determine the suspected product, the seriousness and expectedness of the event, and whether the event had been reported to the Veterinary Medicines Directorate or Marketing Authorisation Holders.

Of the 827 cases of suspected adverse drug reactions identified out of a total of 10,565 records reviewed, approximately 90% were not reported.

74% were related to dogs and 70% were listed as “expected” (i.e. already listed in the product information).

The clinical severity of the reaction didn’t appear to impact whether it was reported. 

Dr Heather Davies, lead author of the study, said: “As adverse drug reaction reporting rate is directly linked to the regulators ability to mitigate safety issues, this paper is a call to arms encouraging all veterinary professionals to report suspected adverse drug reactions and regulators to make reporting quicker and easier.

"It also the highlights the promise that big real-world data sets hold in enhancing drug safety monitoring processes.” 

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/jsap.13721

The RCVS and the BVA have launched Pets Need Vets, a social media campaign to highlight the benefits of registering a pet with a veterinary practice to the owners of the estimated 3.1 million pet dogs, cats and rabbits that have not done so¹.

The campaign gives 11 reasons why owners should register their pets with a veterinary practice, and encourages them to visit www.findavet.org.uk to find the right vet practice for them and their pet.:

1. Just like people, your pet can benefit from regular health checks to help stay happy and healthy.

2. Emergencies can happen at any time – registering means you’ll have easier access to emergency vet care whenever you need it.

3. Your vet knows a lot more about your animal than Dr Google and can provide tailored advice for your pet.

4. Regular weight checks and nutritional advice can help to keep your pet in shape – your practice’s vet nurses can often help with this.

5. Many vet practices run pet socialisation and training classes where you can meet other pet owners.

6. Your vet practice will hold your pet’s medical history to help diagnose any problems quickly.

7. Your veterinary practice can offer great advice about which pet is right for you because they will know you and your family. 

8. Your vet practice is best placed to recommend other services for your animal, whether that’s pet groomers and trainers, or referral to an advanced practitioner or specialist.

9. Veterinary staff are often animal owners too, so they understand that pets are a much-loved part of the family.

10. Vets and nurses have made a solemn promise to look after animals under their care; they study for many years and have to keep their knowledge and skills up to date.

11. There are some medicines that only vets can prescribe, so it helps to be registered with a practice.

BVA President John Fishwick said: "Pets need vets to ensure their lifelong wellbeing, which is why it is concerning that a large number of pet owners in the country have not registered their animals with a practice. It is important that owners have access to reliable advice and veterinary care to be able to best look after their pets, and so we are calling on the profession to get involved in promoting the wealth of benefits that registering with a vet practice provides."

RCVS President Professor Stephen May added: "Owning an animal is a huge responsibility, which is why access to professional veterinary advice is vital. With this campaign we aim to highlight some of the very considerable benefits of registering pets with a veterinary practice, and raise awareness amongst pet owners who have not yet registered of the value of having access to professional veterinary advice, expertise and treatment to keep their animals healthy. We would be delighted if practices across the country would help share these messages on their own social media accounts."

Vets, vet nurses and veterinary practices can help spread the word on the value of registering pets by sharing campaign resources on social media using the hashtag ‘#petsneedvets’, downloading campaign resources and using the opportunity to encourage local pet owners to register with their practice. 

To further highlight the value of veterinary care and the special bond between a veterinary professional and the animals under their care, BVA is also encouraging existing clients to share pictures of their pets at the vets online using the hashtags #lovemyvet and #lovemyvetnurse. 

The Pets Need Vets campaign stems from the aim of the joint BVA and RCVS Vet Futures Action Plan to develop communications tools to assist the public’s understanding of veterinary costs and fees, and promote the value of veterinary care.

More information on the campaign and shareable resources are available at https://www.bva.co.uk/petsneedvets and www.rcvs.org.uk/petsneedvets

Reference

1. Based on findings of the PDSA Animal Wellbeing (PAW) Report 2017

The BVA has joined forces with the RSPCA in calling on the Government to repeal a legal exemption that permits animals to be slaughtered without pre-stunning, causing unnecessary pain and suffering.

The latest figures from 2017/18 reveal that over 120 million animals were slaughtered in England and Wales without being stunned first¹.

In an open letter to Environment Secretary Michael Gove, the BVA and the RSPCA urge the UK Government to change legislation in England which currently allows non-stun slaughter for religious purposes, and provide further public transparency on this issue by releasing the comprehensive 2018 slaughter survey results, which Mr Gove himself signalled would be published by Autumn 2018.

Until such legislation is in place the RSPCA and BVA are calling for: 

• meat to be labelled with the method of slaughter, e.g. stunned or non-stunned, so consumers are fully informed about the meat that they are buying.

• non-stun slaughter to only be permitted at levels that meet local religious community demand for this type of meat in the interests of limiting animal pain and suffering.

• a ban on export of meat from non-stunned animals or live animals destined for non-stun slaughter.

• an immediate post-cut stun for cattle, sheep, goats and deer to reduce the period of pain and distress.

The letter follows a recent, high profile decision to ban the slaughter of animals without prior stunning in the Flanders region of Belgium which came into force at the start of the year. Belgium joins several other European countries, including Iceland, Sweden, Switzerland and Denmark in making this decision, demonstrating that a full ban on non-stun slaughter is possible within EU law.

RSPCA chief executive, Chris Sherwood said: "Until there is a change in the law to end non-stun slaughter, there are several measures the UK Government could introduce to reduce the suffering involved in this practice. For example, by ensuring trade deals with other countries do not include non-stun meat or live animals for non-stun slaughter, clear labelling should be adopted to enable consumers to make an informed choice about the meat they buy and how it was slaughtered."

BVA President Simon Doherty said: "The UK Government has repeatedly stated it would prefer to see all animals stunned before slaughter but has taken no action to address this critical welfare issue that affects millions of animals every year. It is doubly disappointing that data that would have provided a valuable benchmark for levels of non-stun slaughter in the UK has yet to see the light of day despite assurances throughout last year that it would soon be made public.

"There is a huge groundswell of support for a ban on non-stun slaughter, and recent developments in Belgium show that decisive change is possible where public support is matched by political will. Michael Gove has made clear that he wants to maintain and build on the UK’s reputation as global leader on animal welfare; banning non-stun slaughter is a surefire way of showing he will deliver on this commitment.

"If slaughter without stunning continues to be permitted in the UK, then meat and fish from this source must be clearly labelled, to help customers make informed choices about the food that they buy and eat."

You can sign the open letter at: www.rspca.org.uk/endnonstun and join the online debate using the hashtag #EndNonStun.

Stevenage-based pharmaceutical company AKL Research and Development has announced it has signed an agreement with one of the world’s top five animal health companies to fund the development of its next-stage clinical trial of an investigational drug called APPA in the treatment of canine osteoarthritis (OA).

APPA is an oral, patented, fixed-dose combination of two synthetic secondary metabolites of plant origin, apocynin and paenol.

Under the terms of the agreement, AKL’s unnamed partner will fund a study in dogs with naturally occurring OA. The study will compare the efficacy and efficacy duration of APPA with the current standard of care for treating canine OA: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. 

David Miles, AKLRD CEO, said: “Just like humans, millions of dogs suffer intolerable pain and disability because of OA and the current treatments just aren’t as effective or as well tolerated as they need to be. We already know from previous canine studies that APPA reduces pain and has an excellent tolerability profile but this exciting new partnership will allow us to go one stage further and assess sustainability of response.”

The randomised study will assess pain and duration of response as the primary endpoint. Secondary endpoint assessment will include adverse events, quality of life, pharmacokinetics analysis and biomarkers that may enable potential identification of factors predictive of response at treatment onset, or that correlate with response magnitude.

Two separate studies on dogs have already been carried out by researchers at the University of Vienna. The first, an 11-week cross-over study of 32 canines diagnosed with established, naturally occurring OA, showed that APPA provides significant symptom relief in clinical canine OA¹.

A follow-up, five-week study of 60 dogs with OA compared APPA to the standard of care drug, meloxicam. It concluded that daily oral administration of APPA was effective as a stand-alone alternative to NSAIDs in dogs with naturally occurring OA. Significant benefits were also seen for APPA over meloxicam in orthopaedic examination as well as in lameness and function scores².

The results will inform the pivotal clinical trial design and AKL says its working assumption is that a 26-week field study would complete the regulatory requirements for commercialisation.

If the study and future testing is successful, AKL estimates that APPA would be well placed to capture a significant share of the global canine OA market, which is estimated to be worth $3billion by 2028³.

References

1. Glasson S, Larkins N. APPA provides symptom relief in clinical canine osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. 1, S287, April 01, 2012. doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2012.02.494
2. Larkins N, King C. Effectiveness of apocynin-paeonol (APPA) for the management of osteoarthritis in dogs: comparisons with placebo and meloxicam in client-owned dogs. Matters. 2017. DOI: 10.19185/matters.201608000001201608000001
3. Cision. PR Newswire. NSAIDs to Treat Arthritis Canines Through 2028; Stem Cell Therapies to Invigorate Canine Arthritis Treatment Market. 6 August 2018. https://www.prnewswire.co.uk/news-releases/nsaids-to-treat-arthritic-canines-through-2028-stem-cell-therapies-to-invigorate-canine-arthritis-690140291.html [Accessed 15 July 2020]