Research led by Eleanor Haskey, an Anaesthesia and Analgesia Nurse at the RVC’s Queen Mother Hospital for Animals has identified multiple factors that can contribute to complications following the placement of peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVCs). 

The multicentre observational study described 382 placements of catheters across 19 different institutions, recording the placement techniques and tracking resulting complications to determine the associated risk factors.

The majority of the data was collected by veterinary nurses across the country.

The risk factors identified included the number of insertion attempts, whether a second subsequent placement was required, the frequency that the catheter was flushed and if the flush solution was compound sodium lactate.

In addition to identifying the risk factors, the study also found that complications occurred in just over one-quarter of placements, with limb swelling and phlebitis being the most common (11.5%).

The second most common complication observed was PIVC dislodgement/patient interference (7.9%).

As a result of these findings, the researchers are calling for more vigilant monitoring of patients with a PIVC in situ, particularly if they have experienced any of the factors that increase their risk of complications.

Eleanor said: “PIVCs are placed every day in almost all veterinary practices, yet there is little evidence to inform how best to place and manage them.

"I am passionate about providing the best care for cats and dogs, and it was fantastic to work with like-minded nurses and vets who wanted to gather the evidence that we can use to improve the care of our patients.

"I look forward to continuing this area of research, and believe veterinary nurses are best placed to undertake this work as it is part our of daily working lives."

Dr Christopher Scudder, Senior Lecturer in Small Animal Internal Medicine at the Royal Veterinary College and senior author in the study, said: “The hope is that this study will stimulate more research about PIVCs, and that sufficient evidence will be developed to help reduce complications associated with these routinely placed devices.”

Reference

  1. Haskey, E., Maund, V. et Al., ‘Placement, management and complications associated with peripheral intravenous catheter use in UK small animal practice’, Journal of Small Animal Practice, https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.13782 

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